Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In Xenopus laevis , axial elongation beyond the tailbud stage requires gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). However, the role of GABA synthesized during early development in this process remains unclear. In this study, by treating embryos with allylglycine (AG), an inhibitor of GABA synthesis, we observed a significant reduction in axial elongation. This inhibition was rescued by exogenous GABA, demonstrating that GABA synthesis via glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) is essential for axial elongation after the tailbud stage. Our findings suggest that GABA-dependent elongation functions independently of mechanisms like convergent extension, which are crucial during early development.
Figure 1.
AG treatment inhibits axial elongation, and GABA rescues this inhibition
.
(A-E) Effects of AG and GABA treatments on embryos from St. 18 to 38. Scale bars: 1 mm. (A) Control embryo. (B) Embryo treated with 20 mM GABA. (C) Embryo treated with 0.1 mM AG. (D) Embryo treated with 0.3 mM AG. (E) Embryo treated with 0.3 mM AG and 20 mM GABA. (F) Quantification of AG-induced elongation inhibition. Embryos with body lengths ≥90% of the mean control length were classified as Normal, those with lengths between 75% and 89% as Level 1, and those <75% as Level 2. (G) Body lengths of St. 38 embryos. Data are presented as mean ± SD, with all measurements plotted. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. ***
P
≤ 0.001 compared with control.
Figure 1. AG treatment inhibits axial elongation, and GABA rescues this
inhibition
. (A-E) Effects of AG and GABA treatments on embryos from St. 18 to 38. Scale bars: 1 mm.
(A) Control embryo. (B) Embryo treated with 20 mM GABA. (C) Embryo treated with 0.1 mM AG.
(D) Embryo treated with 0.3 mM AG. (E) Embryo treated with 0.3 mM AG and 20 mM GABA. (F)
Quantification of AG-induced elongation inhibition. Embryos with body lengths ≥90% of the
mean control length were classified as Normal, those with lengths between 75% and 89% as
Level 1, and those <75% as Level 2. (G) Body lengths of St. 38 embryos. Data are
presented as mean ± SD, with all measurements plotted. Statistical analyses were performed
using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. *** P ≤ 0.001 compared with
control.
