Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024 Sep 01;152:109766. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109766.

Screening and purification of antimicrobial materials from coelomic fluid of sea urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina.

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Marine organisms, such as sea urchins like Heliocidaris crassispina, produce bioactive substances with antimicrobial activity to protect themselves from the high density of microorganisms in their habitats. One such substance, Echinochrome A (Ech A), has been isolated from various sea urchins' shells and spines using strong acidic solutions and organic solvents. Ech A, however, has not been reported from the coelomic fluid of H. crassispina. In this study, we report the antimicrobial activity of H. crassispina coelomic fluid extract against various microbes, evaluating its potential for purifying potent antimicrobial materials. Upon confirming the extract as a promising source of antimicrobial materials, we isolated antimicrobial compounds from the extract. A series of HPLC steps were taken to purify antimicrobial materials from the H. crassispina coelomic fluid extract, resulting in the isolation of two single absorbance peaks showing antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. One peak consisted of a single antimicrobial compound with a molecular weight (MW) corresponding to Ech A, while the other peak comprised five MWs inferred to be those of Ech A and its oxidative products. The elution of Ech A in two separate peaks may be attributable to the presence of Ech A's isomer, as reported in several previous studies. The use of the environmentally friendly extraction method in procurement of Ech A from the coelomic fluid would contribute to the implementation of risk-reducing extraction method for researchers studying Ech A from sea urchins.

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